GRESIK ENGLISH

SOLAR SYSTEM

2009-10-31T09:38:00.000-07:00

Solar system is a place where the Earth, our living place is located. Solar System consisted of a lot of space things that round over the Sun as the center of Solar System. These space things are variates. For example planets, asteroids, comets even meteors. These space things Have their own orbit. orbit is a kind of path that passed by the space things.

Planets are space thing that orbited around the sun that have almost circular orbit. Things that make the other space thing and planet differ are the shape of their orbit. Beside that unlike stars like sun, the planets don't have it's own light (can't produce light). The planets only able to reflect the light from the star that come toward them. There're more than 9 planets that orbit the sun, and will be more as the development of research.

Planets are divided into two. Inner planets and outer planets. These two kind of planets are separated by the Earth as their separator. That's also means the inner planets consist of Mercury and Venus. And the outer planet automatically consist of Mars until the outer planets.

The different of these kind of planets are based on the matters that consist the planet, and the planet's size. The inner planets mostly consist of metal and have small radius. That's why these kind of planets are dense. Whereas, the outer planet are mostly consisted of gas and less dense than the inner planets. but, their radius are large.

Between Earth and Mars, there're a lot of asteroids that orbit the sun. These orbited asteroids form an asteroid belt that orbit around the Sun. Sometimes, some asteroids are out of it's orbit and being pulled by planets gravitation. This asteroids then called meteor now (actually not all meteors are come from asteroids).

the most well known space thing is comets. Comets are also space things that orbit the sun. They have very elliptical orbit. The most well known comet is Halley Comet. This comet can be seen every 76 years. this is because this comet has an elliptical orbit.

People has study the solar system and the universe since centuries ago. The studies have bring out two theories about the solar system. The first theory is Geocentric theory. This theory is the oldest theory of Solar System. This theory said that Earth is the center of Solar System. The sun and the others planets are
orbit around the Earth. This theory was based on that time observation that show the moves of the sun which known as the apparent motion of the sun and the others planet revolution.

The second theory is Heliocentric Theory. This theory said that the sun is the center of solar system. Earth and the others planets are orbit around the sun. This theory are recognized by a lot of people now due to the research that showed the facts that Sun is the center of Solar System.

There're still a lot of things that unknown by us. For example the increase of the planets due to the development at research and technologies. So, we must grow our curiosity for knowing more about this universe.

NASREDDIN'S COAT

2009-10-07T04:48:00.000-07:00

One day Nasreddin had been invited to the dinner party. He went to the party by wearing old clothes.

When he arrived in the party, nobody looked at him and nobody gave him a seat. He got no food in the party so he went home and change his clothes

Next he put on his best clothes. He wore his newest coat and went to the party again. The host at once got up and came to meet him. The host offered him the best table and gave him a good seat and served him the best food

Nasreddin sat and put off his coat. He put his coat and said; “Eat the food, Coat!” the hosts and guests were very surprised and asked Nareddin; “What are doing?” Nasreddin replied calmly; “When I came here with my old clothes, nobody looked at me. Then I went home and put on my best clothes. I came back in my newest coat and you all give me this best food and drink. So, you give food to my coat instead of me”. Getting Nasreddin's answer, they just shook the head.

EARTH PROTECTORS AND THE MIRACLE OF QUR'AN

2009-09-18T08:47:00.000-07:00

Earth protectors are a kind of protector above the Earth's surface. These protectors protect Earth from many dangerous things that come from outer space such as radiance, etc. These protectors prevent those dangerous things reach Earth's surface. So, they won't danger lives on Earth. Without these protector, Earth will be a dead planet like the others planet.

One of these protectors is Earth's Atmosphere. This Atmosphere are divided into seven layers that have it's own functions. Atmosphere layers main function is an ability to "return" almost all particles and radiance that come from the outer space or from Earth back. This ability can be analyzed in the water cycle.

Atmosphere layers are divided into seven layers. These layers are Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ozonosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Exosphere. These layers have different "Returning" ability in every layers. (www.harunyahya.com)

Troposphere is the nearest atmosphere layers to Earth's surface. Part of the water cycle is happens here. In this layer, water that come from evaporation from Earth Surface are accumulated and form cloud. Then, this cloud is condentsationed by the cold temperature in this layer and fall back to Earth as rain.

The second layers is Stratosphere. This layer has an ability to return ultraviolet radiance from our sun and the others star back to the outer space. This ability is almost same with Ozonosphere's ability. This is because there's a gas named ozone in these layers that can return the radiance back. This gas is formed by three oxygen atom that was "tied" each other. Uniquely, this layer not return all the radiance back to the outer space, but absorb a little of them. A little of this radiance are needed by plants on Earth to produce energy.

The fourth layers is Mesosphere. This layer's function aren't known well. But, this layer function is mainly to return the radio waves that come from earth surface. This ability has allow humans to broadcast radio and television channels worldwidely without any cable.

The fifth layers is Thermosphere. This atmosphere layer are located above mesosphere. higher than Thermosphere, there's Ionosphere, the sixth layers. Ionosphere is the atmosphere's layer that was formed by many ionizationed gases that was accumulated above Thermosphere. The last atmosphere layers is Exosphere. This atmosphere layer is the highest atmosphere layers among the others atmosphere layers. These layers main function is to return the radiance that come from outer space.

Beside Earth's atmosphere, there's another earth protector. This another protector is "Van Allen Belt". Van Allen Belt are formed by the Earth magnet. Together with Earth Atmosphere, Van Allen Belt protect Earth and Lives on it from the dangerous radiance that come from outer space.

These facts are newly invented in the 20th century. But, did you know? these facts are already told in Al-Qur'an 14 century ago. Allah had told us about it in Al-Qur'an.The Qur'an says, "[He] revealed, in every heaven, its own mandate," in Surah Fussilat 12. In other words, Allah is stating that He assigned each heaven its own duty. It is a great miracle that these facts, which may not be found without the advanced technology of 20th century, clearly stated by the Qur'an 1,400 years ago.

THE WONDERFUL JOURNEY OF THE HUMANS CREATION PROCESS AND IT'S RELATION WITH AL-QUR'AN

2009-08-02T07:39:00.000-07:00

Humans creation process is a long process. It takes around 9 months and there're many phase in this process. But, beside it's a long process, this process is a wonderful process. This process started when an ovum cell has released from "The Ovary."

Ovary is a place where the ovum cells are formed and released. When the ovum cell released, the ovum cell is "catched" by "Fallopian Tube" drain that helps the ovum cells to reach Uterus. In this drain where the fertilization processes are happened. The ovum cell are moves slowly in this drain. But, it hasn't anything that help it to move on the ovum cell surface like cilia and flagella. This facts make many researcher confused. After a long time research, the researchers found there's a mechanism of cilia on the fallopian tube surface that helps the ovum cell move.

When the ovum cell moves in the fallopian tube, fertilization process may happened between an ovum cell and a sperm cell. This is start when the sperm cells from the male body enter the female body. When it entered in the female body, there's a large number of the sperm cells that may reach more than 1 million cells. This number are a kind of prevention of the fertilization process failure because there're some acids in the female body. These acids are functioned as one of the immunity system and may kill any bacteries, cells, etc include sperm cells.

A fertilization process start when a sperm cell reach the ovum cell. Then this sperm take off it's tail and go into the the inner part of the ovum cell where the genetic substance from the ovum cell protected. After that, the genetic substance from the ovum and the sperm cell are fused each other and then form a zigot.

There're two chromosome in these genetic substance that called "The sex chromosome". These chromosomes are functioned as the determine of the sex of the humans that will born. These chromosomes are called as The X chromosome and The Y chromosome too. This is because of these chromosomes form that look like those words. If the genetic substance that fused each other contain The X chromosome (XX) the human that will born is a female. But if the genetic substance that fused each other contain The X chromosome and The Y chromosome (XY), the human that will born is a male.

After the fertilization process, the zigot suddenly divided itself into two cells, four cells, eight cells and more. This zigot will developing into an embryo. Then this embryo will reach his/her mom's uterus and growth there until 9 months. After that, him/her will ready to born.

This process is a process that newly found around the end of the 20th centuries. But, this process has written in Al-qur'an that descend 14 centuries ago. But, for more completed information you can see it here.

THE BEGINING OF HUMANS LIVE, EVOLUTION THEORY AND AL-QUR'AN

2009-08-02T07:19:00.000-07:00

Humans already live in earth since 4 million years ago. Many researcher believe, humans live start around 4 million years ago when a hominid was separated from the primate's evolution line that descents chimpanzee and gorilla. Then, this hominid developed itself and descents modern humans, Homo sapience. This statement is mostly based on the evolution theory that proposed by Charles Darwin.

Evolution theory is a theory that says almost all creatures that live in the past adapted itself to it's environment to survive. Because of it's adapt, the parts of it's body transformed in a process, recently this process happens in a long time. This process called evolution.

In the evolution theory, it's said that humans descended from a kind of hominid. Hominid is a creature that has characteristics between humans and anthropoids. Many hominid fossils that scattered around the world. The oldest hominid fossil that ever found is the Australopithecus africanus. These hominid fossils are found in Africa. It brain capacities around 450 cc. It can walk with its two legs and can stand sturdily. This sturdy position are very important since this sturdy position gave some advantages. Two of them is: this position make it can seeing something without any problem with long distance, and it can transfer it's weight into it's hands.

Around 2 million years, appear Homo habilis, This species is the descendants of Australopithecus africanus. This species already has an ability to make some rough tools from rocks and animal bones. They survive until around 1,5 million years ago. In 1,5 million years ago, they replaced by Homo Erectus.

Homo erectus has a larger brain capacities than Homo habilis. They has make some refined tools from rocks and bones. then, Homo erectus descents Homo Neanderthalensis. They live in caves, and has burry dead people. In some place, they survive until 40,000 years ago. Then, they replaced by modern humans, Homo sapience.

That's all about humans ancestors that said by evolution theory. But, in Al-Qur'an there has written about humans creation that said humans has created in it's complete form since the first humans created.

THE ICE AGE, AND THE LARGEST LAND MAMMALS EVER KNOWN, MAMMOTH

2009-03-25T18:12:00.000-07:00

The transformation from "The Pliocene Era" into "The Pleistocene Era" has made changes to the world around 15 million years ago. Many creatures are suffer due to this transformation that cause weathers and climates changes. This condition has forced everything to live in the new condition, Ice Age.

Many plants and animals were extinct at that time because they can't adapted with the new condition that make the temperature on the earth surface become very cold. Almost all of the creature were vanished at that time, although they are the the largest amount of the species variation ever known. Just a few of them can survived. But, this condition has give advantages to some large mammals to develop.

Beside that, this condition has made changes on the form of the earth surface. At that time, the sea surface level are decreased and frozen due the changes at the temperature. Temperature at that time has make almost all of the sea become frozen and create a way for animals to migrate. That's why sometimes, animals that said as an endemic animals in one region may be found in the others region.

This condition has give a way for some mammals to develop and survived. One of the mammals that can survived is Mammoth, a mammal that was said as the ancestor of elephant by some scientist. They are large mammals which have thick fur on their body and two giant tusk. These tusk are functioned as scoops to help them to put off snow and ice that cover their foods. This was known from some scratch that was found on the Mammoth tusk.

Mammoth has been extinct now. Mostly, the Mammoth extinction are caused by a "re-transformation" from the "Pleistocene Era" to the "Holocene Era". This re-transformation has made the temperature back to normal and make the ice melts. So, they become extinct.

Now, many Mammoth fossils are found . These mammoth fossils were found in a condition like when it death. That's may happens because their bodies have been saved in the "natural refrigerator", Siberian Ice field. So, their bodies are "durable". Even, the Mammoth fossils still have furs like when they live, although they have frozen since more than 10 thousand years ago.

What is Report Text

2009-03-15T02:36:00.000-07:00

Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense

Private Conversation a spoof text

2009-03-15T02:30:00.000-07:00

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking very loudly.I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned around. I looked at the man and the young woman angrily. They did not pay any attention.In the end, I could not bear it. I turned around again. “I could not hear a word” I said angrily.“It’s none of your business” the young man said rudely. “This is a private conversation”

(From: English New Concept)

Generic Structure Analysis
Orientation: introducing a writes as point of view “I” which is in a theatre last week
Event 1: the other theatregoers, young man and young woman, were talking noisily.
Event 2: the writer used physical language by turning around to the young man and young woman talk to not to make noisy.
Event 3: the write used verbal language by saying “I could not hear a word”.
Twister: the young man misunderstood the writer’s word and said; “It’s none of your business. It’s a private conversation”.

WHY THE EARTH WAS CHOSEN AS A LIVING PLACE FOR OUR LIVES?

2009-03-10T00:32:00.000-07:00

universe is consist of many things like stars, planets, comets, etc. In this universe, there is many solar system, one of them is our solar system in The Milky Way (Bimasakti). Our solar system is consist of a sun as the center of our solar system and some planet in it's orbit around the sun. But, did you know? There isn't any life in our solar system except in our earth. Why???

From Islam and scientific facts side, we may know there are many facts that appear from them that may answer and explain why there isn't any live in other planets in our solar system.

Mercury is the first planet in our solar system, this planet is the nearest planet to the sun. This planet almost hasn't any atmosphere. That's why this planet's temperature are very hot and may reach 80 degrees celcious. this temperature will make leads in earth melts if the leads are brought into the Mercury. Because of it's temperature, this place can't be a living place for us.

The next planet is Venus, this planet has a thick atmosphere which consist of Carbon Dioxide and the others gases. Carbon Dioxide gases are dominated in Venus's atmosphere, this Carbon Dioxide will make an effects that called "The Greenhouse Effect" . This effect makes Venus's surface more heat and appears an effects like "Global Warming" in our earth now, But more heat. It's distance to the sun helps the heating of the Venus's surface too. This process makes this planet isn't suitable for our life.

At this moment we must go to Mars and ignore our earth first. Mars is the fourth planet of our solar system. This planet are called the red planet because this planet's surface has many rocks and grounds that colored red. Many people think this planet may become a living place for human's live because from a long research, researcher found Mars has some ice stocks, oxygen, etc. But, the amount of them are not enough for support our life in there. So, this planet can't be a living place for us.

The next planet is Jupiter, this planet is known as the biggest planet in our solar system. If we see carefully, you can see there is a giant redspot on it's surface. This redspot has identified as an eternal giant storm on the Jupiter surface. After that, Jupiter's atmosphere contains many methane that very dangerous for humans. Because of them, this planet can't be a living place for us.

After Jupiter planet, there are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Saturn is the sixth planet in our solar system, this planet always get many attention from some researchers because this planet has 3 giant rings around it. These rings were formed by the frozen water in the space, then this water encircle the Saturn and form 3 rings.Uranus is the seventh planet in our solar system, like Saturn this planet has ring too. But, not as big as the Saturn's. Neptune is the eight planet in our solar system. Like Saturn and Uranus, these planets are very far. These planets are very cold because their distance between them and the sun are very far. These cold planets can't be a living place for us cause of the cold of the planets.

Farther than Neptune, there are many things like the others planets and the space things, most of them aren't unidentified yet because of their distance. In this distance, there are some planet like Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Iris. Pluto is the ninth planet in our solar system, this planet has an unique orbit because this planet's orbit form almost oval-round, so sometime, this planet become more near to the sun than Neptune this planet is smaller than our Earth and very cold beacuse of it's distance. So, this planet can't be a living place for us.

Haumea ,Makemake, and Iris are some planets that recently found. Most of them are unidentified yet. Beside these planets, Ceres, the largest asteroids in the asteroids belt is identified as a planet now because scientists who disagree with the IAU definition believe in a broader definition of planet that includes any non-self-luminous spheroidal body orbiting a star. When objects become spheroidal, that means they have enough self gravity to pull themselves into a round shape and subsequently become geologically differentiated into core, mantle, and crust, just like the larger planets and unlike shapeless, inert asteroids (planetoids). By this definition, our solar system has 13 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Ceres, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris.

After seen the explanation above, you may know why only in earth there are many living things. This because there are many things that support many life. This statement has proved by the amount of life in our earth. These many things that support many life are prepared by "something" that was very great. He is ALLAH the creator and the lord of everything.

What is Anecdote?

2009-02-22T04:54:00.000-08:00

Anecdote Text

Definition and Social Function of Anecdote
Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Incident.

Language Feature of Anecdote
1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense

Between Explanation and Procedure Text

2009-02-22T04:45:00.000-08:00

Seeing the social function, both procedure and explanation texts have the similarity in which both describe how to make or done something. They give the detail description on something, phenomena, goods, product case or problem.
To see the differences between explanation and procedure, we have to analyze the dominant language feature and how the texts are used.
Procedure, this text type is commonly called as instruction text. It uses pattern of commend in building the structure. It use the “to infinitive verb” which is omitted the “to”. It is a kind of instruction text which uses full commend verb. Procedure is commonly used to describe how to make something which is close to our daily activity. For example how to make a cup of tea, how to make a good kite, etc is the best example of the procedure text. It is such word; first boil water, secondly prepare the cup, and so on.
Explanation, it is commonly used the passive voice in building the text. Explanation is such a scientific written material. It describes how certain phenomenon or event happen. How a tornado form, how tsunami works are the best example of explanation text. It uses passive pattern in describing the topic.

The Differences between Report and Descriptive Text

2009-02-22T04:39:00.000-08:00

Some text types are quite difficult to differ. Such report and descriptive text have the similarity in the social function and generic structure. However if they are analyzed carefully, the slight difference between the two text types will reveal.
The purpose of the two texts are to give the live-description of the object/participant. Both the report and descriptive text try to show rather than tell the reader about the factual condition of the object. Readers by themselves will catch the impressive point of the object through that showing writing style. What make different, between report and descriptive text, is the scope of the written object. If we talk about, eg: bicycle, it belongs to report text. It will talk about bicycle in general; its parts, physical strengh, function for certain people or other general characters of bike. In the other hand, descriptive text will convey more focus, for example "my bicycle" with its specific characters; colour, lengh, wheel style, etc.
In short, report text describes the way of certain things and frequently refer to phenomenon of nature, animal and scientific object. Mostly, report is written after getting careful observation. This scientific and technical sense make clearer difference from descriptive text. The way of descriptive text in showing thing is based on the objective fact of the thing. It describe the specific thing simply as the thing is.

Blessing behind Tragedy; an anecdote text

2009-02-22T03:45:00.000-08:00

There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new liner to

America

The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.

The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.

Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.

The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)

Generic Structure Analysis
Abstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we do?

Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America. They prepared well for their plan

Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.

Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not accept it.

Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because of saving the family from sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.

Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks

2009-02-18T05:13:00.000-08:00

Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to just three sheiks. The three sheiks were all equally young and handsome. They were also rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of them.
One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks. As they were about to have dinner, Maura asked them for something to eat. The first gave her some left over food. The second Sheik gave her some unappetizing camel’s tail. The third sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender and tasty meat. After dinner, the disguised queen left the sheik’s camp.
The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She ordered her servant to give each one exactly what they had given her the evening before. Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two sheiks could not share it with him.
This Sheik Hakim’s act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was the man for her. “Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you” she announced her choice to the sheiks. “So it is Hakim I will marry”.

Narrative Complication in Generic Structure
The above example of narrative text tells a story which can amuse the reader. Amusing and entertaining are the power of narrative text to attract the reader. Reader will tend to follow the whole story.
As it is said many times that the heart of narrative text is the existence of the complication. It will drive the plot of the story to keep amusing. The existence of conflict inside the Queen Maura is what builds the story keep running. The psychological conflict inside Maura, which she strike against herself, is arousing the readers attention to continue reading the story. They want to know what next will happen, who will be chosen by Queen Maura, in what way she will decide who is the best. Keeping knowing them really entertaining as well increasing the moral value added.

Orientation: the text introduce the Queen Maura and three sheiks in Arabia once time.
Complication: Queen Maura find out that it was very difficult to choose one as the best among them
Resolution: finally Queen Maura has a convincing way to choose one and he is Sheik Hakim

THE MYSTERIES OF SUN AS THE CENTER OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

2009-02-13T00:56:00.000-08:00

Sun is the center of our solar system. This thing is a kind of star, that's why sun can radiates light and heat. Then, these light and heat are radiated to everywhere and reach some planets and other space things around it include our earth.

Sun is a giant ball that consist of gases. This gases ball has a high temperature and pressure. On it's surface, the temperature may reach more than 6,000 degrees celcious. But in it's core, the temperature may reach around 15 million degrees celcious.

Because of the temperature in the core very hot, many Hydrogen atoms lost it's electrons. Then, these Hydrogen atoms move rapidly because of it's temperature and cause collisions with the others Hydrogen atoms. Then, this process cause a kind of transmutation that cause the Hydrogen atoms transformed into Helium atoms and occurred mass defect of the sun. After that, these mass defect are transformed into heat and light radiance. Then, both of them are radiated to everywhere. This is a reaction process that called Nuclear Process.

Sun has a structure that consist of an atmosphere and core. Sun doesn't has a crust like planets because sun has a temperature that doesn't allow it's surface for hardened.

Sun's atmosphere are divided into three parts: Corona, Chromosphere, and photosphere. Corona is the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere. In corona, there're some sun's activities that come from it's core. Sometimes, these activities appear in a great amount. That's why these activities may reach Corona. Recently, some radiance particles from the sun activities reach earth atmosphere and appears shiny light called aurora in the sky over artic and antartic.

Chromosphere is the second sun's atmosphere layer. This layer are located between Corona and Photosphere. The thickness of this layer is around 16,000 kilometers. Photosphere is the nearest sun's atmosphere to it's core. This layer is consist of a kind of shiny layer that radiated light to everywhere. Photosphere is a gas layer. The center of the sun is it's core. In this place, the temperature reach more than 15 million degrees celcious. This is a place in the sun where is the nuclear reaction happens and radiated to everywhere.

Did you know ? Everytime the sun radiates light and heat everywhere, The sun lost it's mass that called the mass defect. These mass defect are happens because of the nuclear reaction. If the sun's mass are all gone, The sun can't radiates light and heat anymore. This phenomenon will cause our solar system become very cold and covered by darkness. In Earth, this phenomenon will cause the death of any life one day. But, nobody know when it will happens.

An Excursion to the Botanical Garden

2009-02-02T23:18:00.000-08:00

On Thursday 24 April we went to the Botanical Garden. We walked down and boarded the bus.

After we arrived at the garden, we walked down to the Education Centre. The third grade students went to have a look around. First, we went to the first farm and Mrs. James read us some information. Then, we looked at all the lovely plants. After that we went down to a little spot on the Botanical Garden and had a morning tea break.

Next, we did sketching and then we met the fourth grade students at the Education Centre to have lunch. Soon after that, it was time for us to go and make our terrariums while the fourth year students went to have a walk.

A lady took us into a special room and introduced herself. Then she explained what we were going to do. Next, she took us to a pyramid terrarium. It was really interesting.

After we had finished, we met the fourth grade students outside the gardens. Then we reboarded the bus and returned to school.

THE HISTORY WITNESS OF THE DINOSAUR EXTINCTION, THE KOMODO DRAGON

2009-01-31T06:32:00.000-08:00

Komodo Dragon is known as the largest land reptile ever seen, this animal is an endemic animal. Endemic animal means this animal only lives in one place. This animal lives in small island named Pulau Komodo, this island located between Flores and Sumbawa Island, Indonesia.

Komodo Dragon is a carnivorous animal, this animal has an unique tongue that branched into two at it's tongue point, this branched tongue are used for "taste" it's prey. This animal make it's nest underground.

Komodo Dragon is an unique animal, not only it's tongue, it's reproduction methodes are unic too. A Komodo Dragon has two methodes for it's reproduction proccess, one is the fertilisation method that need a male Komodo Dragon, and the other one is The Partogenesis method. The partogenesis method allows a female Komodo Dragon to breeds it's babies egg without help from a male Komodo for do fertilisation. This facts was found when some researcher found a female komodo dragon that breeds some egg, some of the egg are hacthed.

For some researcher, Komodo Dragon was known as the relative of the dinosaur. This fact was found from a dinosaur fossil called "Mussaurus" that revealed some similarity with Komodo Dragon.

Some researcher were made confused by this facts, they ask to theirselves "Is it right the Komodo Dragon is the relatives of the dinosaur? If the answer is right, How does the Komodo Dragon Survive from an extinction proccess that has make the dinosaur extinct around 65 million years ago?". There's just one thing that we know. The Komodo Dragon was known as the history witness of the dinosaur extinction hystories.

MUSIC AND SONGS

2009-01-23T21:23:00.000-08:00

Fais : Do you like music, Ayik ?

Ayik : Yes, I like all kinds of music.

Fais : What musical instruments can you play ?

Ayik : Let me think….I can play the cassette recorder and the radio.

Fais : (laughing) so can I.

Ayik : Fais, I can only play natural music.

Fais : What do you mean ?

Ayik : I can sing and whistle. What about you ?

Fais : I like to play the kolintang, the angklung, and the gamelan; and I enjoy listening to kroncong music.

Ayik : kroncong has its own unique rhythm which I find fascinating.

Fais : Especially if you hear it at night.

Ayik : Right. Could you tell me, what’s the difference between the kolintang, the angklung, and the gamelan ?

Fais : The kolintang is made of wood, the angklung of bamboo, while the gamelan is made of metal and wood.

Ayik : Are these traditional Indonesian instruments ?

Fais : Yes, they are

Ayik : Besides the traditional, do you also like to play western instruments ?

Fais : Yes, they are

Ayik : Besides the traditional, do you also like to play western instruments ?

Fais : Sure, I love to play the piano, the guitar, and the organ.

Ayik : That’s quite an assortment! You must have someone in the family who is musically talented.

Fais : My mother is the music teacher.

Ayik : I ses. That wxplain it ! I guess, you also like classical as well as semi-classica music.

Fais : Do you mean classics like Santa Lucia, Liebestraum, Serenade….?

Ayik : Yes, songs composed by famous western composers like Mozart, Schubert, chopin, strauss, and Beethoven.

Fais : People say that classical music is eternal and will continue to be well liked throughout the ages. Unlike pp music that quickly rokets into popularity, becomes a hit and then quickl fades, soon to be replaced by a differet style. Do you think that’s true ?

Ayik : Yes, in a way it is. I’a, anxious to knowwhether you’re also interested in jazz.

Fais : I enjoy listening to jazz, but I can’t play it.

Allah The God

2009-01-12T20:18:00.000-08:00

God is the lord od the universe. He is the creator of the universe. He creates the world for us and also creates us in the best form.in arabic, god is called Allah. Allah is the proper name for the one and only god. Therefore, god is one Almighty. There is one like him and he has no partner, children or parents. He is enternal and knows everything. God is great as well as merciful. He is kind, loving and provides us with everything. God sent prophet to guide us, from Adam, the first prophet, to Muhammad, the last prophet. the prophet told us how to thank God and obey him, they also taught us how to live like googd human beings, be happy and succesful.
There we have to belive in god, thank him and obey him.

Ancestor Of Birds "ARCHAEOPTERYX"

2009-01-10T01:45:00.000-08:00

Archaeopteryx is a primitive animal that lives around 150 million years ago. This animal is a primitive reptile (not a bird). But, it's appearance look like a fuse of bird and reptile.

The first Archaeopteryx fossil was found at 1861 in Solfhen, Germany. This animal fossils are very rare, it because Archaeopteryx has a bone structure that has hollow in it's bone, this kind of bone make the Archaeopteryx bone easily broken when it in "fossilisation process."

Archaeopteryx is believed as the ancestor of birds. But, not like it's descendant, Archaeopteryx can't fly because the Archaeopteryx has a weak chest muscle, really different from a modern birds that has a strong chest muscle. This animal use it's dense wings that formed by feathers for "floating" in the air from a tree to another tree. Beside that, Archaeopteryx has a back feet structure and heels that show an Archaeopteryx feet are compatible for run, These feet structure show an Archaeopteryx walks very well on the ground.

Archaeopteryx was known as the first animal that has feathers on it's body. Many Paleontologist believe Archaeopteryx feathers are transformed from a long scale that transform beacuse some parts of it's scale are moved and growed like barbs, rachis, bristles, etc. Then, this long scale become light, elastic, but solid called feathers.

The usage of this feathers make Archaeopteryx's wings become very dense and make the Archaeopteryx may floating in the air without any problem with it's wings. This kind of wings are really different than "a wing membrane" that was used by "Pterodactylus", a more primitive reptile than Archaeopteryx. A wing membrane is easily broken, especially when this wing membrane are torn, the reptile can't fly and become die due to starvation. Archaeopteryx and the others birds don't have any problem like this. It because the feathers of Archaeopteryx and the others birds are easily change with the new ones.

The found of the Archaeopteryx fossils are very helped many researcher. It because the found of the Archaeopteryx fossil automatically connecting the evolution chains that missed between reptiles and birds.

Tex Anecdote The Example

2009-01-03T19:08:00.000-08:00

Resume : Filling out forms cambeatrieky job for some people.

Orientation : At the doctor’s office where i worked, every patient had to fill out a form. In the form there was a section for health complaints. Patient filled this section with information such as “hedache with temperature” or “cannot sleep well night” an soon.

Crisis : When i checked a patient ‘s form that day i noticed that she wrote “none” under the health complaints section.

Reaction : So, i asked about that, and do you know what she said? The patient replied, “i have been here only five minutes so far, everything is just fine”.

Coda : I had never heard suchan answer before !

The Black Hole

2009-01-03T04:34:00.000-08:00

Black hole is a "thing" shaped like a giant hole in the universe, it has a giant diameters and there are many materials are gravitated around it. A black hole has a "powerfull" gravitation. The black hole's gravitation can gravitate almost everything that approach it, even the "light" that has speed more than 300 km/hours may gravitated by the black hole's gravitation.

A black hole is formed by one or more materials that become "solid", because of it's solidity, it's gravitation become powerfull and "take over" itself. Then, this process form a new black hole that will gravitate everything near it.

Because a black hole has a powerfull gravitation that may gravitate almost everything,
Black hole got a horrible nickname: "The Cemetery of Space." Many materials like asteroids and another materials even spaceplane are gravitated around it and crushed by it's gravitation. Then, these materials accumulate in a long time and become a cemetery of space around the black hole.

In the 20th centuries, appear a hypothesis about this black hole: "A black hole may formed a tunnel that may connected to another black hole that may functioned as a time machine for traveling into the another time."

No one know is this hypothesis right or not because there isn't any "strong" evidence for this hypothesis. But, will there are some evidence for this hypothesis in the future?

The Bird Language

2008-12-20T05:01:00.000-08:00

The king’s minister often envied King Aaron’s attention to Abunawas. Abu often got prizes from their king. They made a plan to embarrass Abunawas in front of the king. Therefore, they create a flase story to make their king belief that Abunawas could interpret the birds’ singing. One of them said to the ing, “Your Majesty, your starling is beautiful and sing beautifully, too.”
“I know,” said the king.
“Do you understand what it sings, yiur majesty?”
“No, of course not. Nobody does.”
“There is one man in the country who is able to interpret the bird language. He is Abunawas. People say so.”
“Really?” the king began to be interested.
The following morning Abunawas in the palace. The king and the minister were sitting around a beautiful bird cage.
“Abu,” the king began. “People say that you are the only man in my country who has the ability to onterpret the bird language.”
“No, Your majesty. That’s a lie!”
“Oh, come on, Abu. Try interpret this bird’s singing for me.”
The ministers smiled seeing Abunawas was bent over in his sadness. They thought they would win this time because soon they would see Abu’s red face. After silence for sometime Abu Finally nodded slowly and said, “All fight, Your, Your Majestry. I will try as best as I can.”
“That’s a good boy. Do it!”
Before long the bird sang cheerfully.
“What did it say in its song, Abu?”
“It said good morning,” Abu said.
The king and the ministers laughed gaily. The bird sang again. That time it sang for a minute.
“What did it say in such a long song?” asked the king.
“It said all ministers are greedy,” Abu answered. All the ministers kept silent but their faces could not hide their anger. One of them protested. That’s not true!”
Abu quickly answered, “If you don’t believe me, interpret it yourself!”
“All fight, all right, Abu, you may continue,” the king said. The bird saang again, longer than before. Abu said to the king, “It said the ministers often say bad things about you behind your back.”
I hafe were noises. The ministers were angry. One of them said, “That’s a big lie!”
Abu answered back, “If you thinkyu understand the bird language, why not interpret it yourself?”
Once again th king calmed them down. The bird, again, sang beautifully for few minutes. After it stopped Abu interpreted this way, “All ministers want you to die soon because they are tired of you!”
The ministers rose from their seats and came over to Abu. They intended to beat Abu but Abu had already run out of the room. He looked back and smiled. The king left the room quietly. He seemed to be disappointed. The ministers looked at each other guiltily.

2008-12-20T04:56:00.000-08:00

Afif : Fi, apart from attending lectures at the university – what else you do ?
Fifi : I’m a member of the student executive board at the campus. And once a month. I give handicraft and language courses to teenage drop-outs, and make home visits to a few senior citizen who are living by themselves.
Afif : Looks like you pay quite a lot of attention towards the young and elderly people.
Fifi : Well, more of less – so life will be more meaningful. Nevertheless, during the exams period – I postpone all social activities.
Afif : How do you manage your time?
Fifi : I work together with 3 friends to give courses to the drop – outs once a week.
Afif : So, you take turns in teaching?
Afif : So, you take turns in teaching ?
Fifi : Right. The training is giving in accordance with the interest and talent of the youngsters. We have a total of 15 people.
Afif : what about the learning material?
Fifi : the Government gives certain equipment, like sewing machines. Besides that, we have a few regular donors. We also learn a lot from two volunteers who’ve had formal training in social welfare.
Afif : The volunteers don’t think only of themselves, but they are also concerned woth the happiness of others.
Fifi : I’m interested in the activities for the physically is disabled, carried out by a friend of mine.
Afif : what’s your friend’s program ?
Fifi : He’s the coordinator of a special program for the disabled youth. Besides providing training, the purpose of his program isto foster or develop their sense of self-reliance so that they will beable to support them seves in the future.
Afif : vry interesting! Does that program also cover their employment in the community?
Fifi : Yes, that’s included in the plan. Apart from that, they have established a cooperative to channel their work to the community.
Afif : Are there any barriers during the implementation of the program ?
Fifi : Al social work is a challenge, and each obstacle must be overcome. Thank god, so far everything has run smoothly.
Afif : What is most importand in the implementation of the program ?
Fifi : I’ve once asked him the same question. According to him, what is most necessary is constantly giving them encouragement and guidance, to complete their training.
Afif : Yes. Usually the’re very sensitive, and easily discouraged.
Fifi : Anyhow, with the guidance of the volunteers, hopefully the physically disabled youngsters can make progress, be self-reliant, and have success in their lives.

Legend of Mount Bromo

2008-12-13T18:27:00.000-08:00

orientation

Long time a go, there was a woman and a man married, they wanted a baby.

complication

Year by year, they did not have a baby.

resolution

They would go to mount bromo and asking a baby to kesuma prince or creature of mount bromo, he asked for contract to husband and wife. And then year by year they had a baby.

complication

One day mount bromo would burst and kesuma prince asked to promise.

resolution

They give child's to kesuma prince. The last mount bromo did not burst because became ritual offering.

A visit to a sheep property

2008-12-13T04:39:00.000-08:00

orientation

Last holidays I visited a sheep property. I helped in the shearing sheds and in the yards.

sequence of events

On the first day the Merino wethers were crutched. I helped by sweeping up after the rouseabout picked up the wool pieces. Shearers start early (at 7.30 am).

After lunch, we started shearing the lambs. There were more than 400 so we didn't finish until the next day. Once again I was sweeping and picking up dags.

I was tired by the end of the day in the shed but our work wasn't finished. We all had to help to get the wethers and lambs back into the paddocks. As well, we had to get a mob of ewes and their lambs into the yards for shearing the next day. Then it was time for tea (that's what my nanna calls dinner).

reorientation

This was a very long day but I enjoyed it a lot.